Trending Posts

Understanding Marginalization NCERT Class 8 Social and Political life Extra Questions

  

Understanding Marginalization NCERT Class 8 Social and Political life Extra Questions

Understanding Marginalization NCERT Class 8 Social and Political life Extra Questions

Question 1
Mention the levels on which marginalization can take place.
Solution:
Marginalization can take place on three levels.
They are…. Individual Community Global .

Question 2
Mention the Names of the communities which experience marginalization in India?
Solution:
The major communities which experience marginalization in India are the Adivasis, Dalits and Muslims.

Question 3
What are the reasons why a community is marginalized, and how does it affect the community?
Solution:
The reasons for a community to be socially marginalized are….. Different language
Different customs
Different religion
Financial status
Education
Economic, social, cultural and political factors work together to make certain groups in society feel marginalised. Marginalized groups are viewed with hostility and deprived of opportunities that are available to other communities. They experience a sense of disadvantage and powerlessness against more powerful and dominant sections of society.

Question 4
Write a brief note on Adivasis.
Solution:
The Adivasis are indigenous peoples and are believed to be the first inhabitants of India. Adivasis have distinct languages, religions and forms of self-government, together with a deep bond to their land and respect for nature. 8 per cent of India’s population are Adivasis. There are over 500 different Adivasi groups in India.
Adivasi communities do not have any hierarchy among them. They are totally different from communities organised around principles of the caste system.
The religion of Adivasis is different from Islam, Hinduism or Christianity. The Adivasis worship their ancestral, village or nature spirits.
During the nineteenth century, substantial numbers of Adivasis converted to Christianity, which has emerged as a very important religion in modern Adivasi history. Adivasis have their own languages which may be as old as Sanskrit. The Adivasi language has influenced the formation of Indian languages, like Bengali.

Question 5
How are Adivasis portrayed today?
Solution:
Today, Adivasis are portrayed as exotic, primitive and backward people. Cultural shows are presented with Adivasis dances. They are represented through colourful costumes and headgears.
Adivasis are blamed for their lack of advancement as they are believed to be resistant to change or new ideas.
This negative portrayal of the Adivasis has led to the marginalization of this community in modern India.

Question 6
What were the hardships faced by the Adivasis?
Solution
The Adivasis were pushed out of the forests of Jharkhand and they had to migrate to other parts of India and the world. The Adivasis experienced hardship and death during the migration. Five lakh Adivasis had perished in these migrations.
When forests were cleared for mining a majority of tribals are displaced. Wide areas of forest land were submerged under water when many dams were built in India after 1947. Due to this many Adivasis were displaced from the States of Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Orissa and Jharkhand.
In the North east, Adivasi lands are war-torn and occupied by the military.
There are 54 national parks and 372 wildlife sanctuaries in India. These Parks cover an area of 1, 09,652 sq km. of forest land. The Adivasis were evicted from these forests.

Question 7
Who headed the Committee set up by the government to look into the social, economic and educational status of the Muslim Community in India?
Solution:
Justice Rajindar Sachar headed the Committee set up by the government to look into the social, economic and educational status of the Muslim Community in India.

Question 8
What was the conclusion reached by the Justice Rajindar Sachar Committee?
Solution:
The committee came to the conclusion that on a range of social, economic and educational indicators the situation of the Muslim community is comparable to that of other marginalised communities like Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.

Question 9
How can we tackle marginalization?
Solution:
Marginalization is a complex and delicate issue and has to be handled by the Government very carefully. To rectify marginalization a variety of strategies, measures and safeguards have to be undertaken.
It is the duty of every citizen of this country to ensure that the Fundamental Rights of all citizen, whether they belong to the majority community or the minority community is protected. It is only the effort of everyone that will protect the diversity that makes our country unique and promote equality for all.

Question 10
What are the consequences of marginalisation?
Solution:
Marginalisation results in having a low social status and not having equal access to education and other resources enjoyed by the majority communities.


Confronting Marginalisation NCERT Class 8 Social and Political life Extra Questions

  

Confronting Marginalisation NCERT Class 8 Social and Political life Extra Questions

Confronting Marginalisation NCERT Class 8 Social and Political life Extra Questions

Question 1
What are the ways in which marginalized communities tried to overcome the discriminations they faced?
Solution:
The marginalized communities tried many ways to overcome the discrimination they faced. They are:-
Religious solace
Armed struggle
Self improvement
Education
Economic progress.

Question 2
What did the marginal groups rely on to protect themselves from continued exploitation by other groups?
Solution:
Marginal groups relied on the Constitution of India and the Judiciary System to protect them from continued exploitation by other groups.

Question 3
What are the seven rights stated in the Indian constitution?
Solution:
The seven fundamental rights are:
1. Right to equality
2. Right to freedom
3. Right against exploitation
4. Right to freedom of religion
5. Cultural and educational rights
6. Right to constitutional remedies
7. Right to Life and personal liberty.

Question 4
What is ‘untouchability’, and who were called ‘untouchables’?
Solution:
Untouchability is the individual discrimination against certain classes of persons.
Dalits are sometimes called Untouchables. Untouchables are regarded as ‘low caste’ and have been marginalized for centuries.

Question 5
Mention 4 untouchable practices.
Solution:
Some untouchable practices are :
Segregation in seating and food arrangements in village functions and festivals
Prohibited from entering into village temples
Separate burial grounds
No access to village’s wells and ponds.

Question 6
What is the ‘Reservation Policy’?
Solution:
Reservation Policy confirms that a percentage of seats are reserved in the public sector units, union and state civil services, union and state government departments and in all public and private educational institutions, except in the religious/ linguistic minority educational institutions, for the socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or the Scheduled Castes and Tribes who were inadequately represented in these services and institutions.

Question 7
What is the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006?
Solution:
The central government passed the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006. The Act states that the injustice meted out to the Adivasis must be undone. This Act recognises their right to their homestead, cultivable and grazing land and to non-timber forest produce. It points out that the rights of forest dwellers include conservation of forests and bio-diversity.

Question 8
Mention a few crimes listed in the Prevention of Atrocities Act 1989.
Solution:
The Prevention of Atrocities Act 1989 lists several levels of crimes. Some of them are ……
I. Modes of humiliation
(i) Force a member of a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe to ; ; drink or eat any inedible or obnoxious substance
(ii) Forcibly removes clothes from the person of a member of a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe or parades him or her naked or with painted face or body or commits any similar act which is derogatory to human dignity

II. Actions that deprive Dalits and Adivasis of their possessions

(i) wrongfully occupies or cultivates any land owned by, or allotted to, … a member of a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe or gets the land allotted to him transferred

III. Crimes against Dalit and tribal women
(i) Assaults or uses force on any woman belonging to a Scheduled ; ; Caste or a Scheduled Tribe with intent to dishonour her.
Why was the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 framed?
Solution:
The Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989, was framed in response to demands made by Dalits and others groups.
They wanted the government to stop the ill treatment and humiliation Dalits and tribal groups face everyday.

Question 10
How did the Dalits assert themselves?
Solution:
The Dalits asserted themselves and sort the help of law to fight discrimination
In the late 1970s and 1980s in parts of South India the Dalits asserted themselves by refusing to perform their so-called caste duties and insisted on being treated equally.
Adivasi people successfully organised themselves and demanded equal rights, and for their land and resources to be returned to them.
Dalit groups demanded new laws that would list the various sorts of violence against Dalits and prescribe stringent punishment for those who indulge in them.

Public Facilities NCERT Class 8 Social and Political life Extra Questions

  

Public Facilities NCERT Class 8 Social and Political life Extra Questions

Public Facilities NCERT Class 8 Social and Political life Extra Questions

Question 1
Mention some public facilities that are provided by the government.
Solution:
Public facilities provided by the government are:- Health care
Water
Sanitation
Transport
Education
Electricity
Roads

Question 2
Which Article in the Indian Constitution recognises the ‘right to water’?
Solution:
The Constitution of India recognises the right to water as being a part of the Right to Life under Article 21.

Question 3
What is Universal Access to water?
Solution:
Every person, rich or poor, has the right to sufficient amount of water to meet their daily needs, at a price they can afford. This is known as Universal Access to water.

Question 4
What are the characteristics of Public facilities?
Solution:
The benefits of public facility can be shared by many people. Government schools enable many children to get educated. The supply of electricity is essential for all households. Farmers can run pump sets to irrigate their fields; people open small workshops that run on electricity.
Public transport help people commute at an affordable price. Public parks and libraries provide recreation for the citizens. Health care and sanitation are essential for a healthy life.

Question 5
Mention some public facilities that only the government can provide and maintain.
Solution:
Roads
Railways
Sanitation
Water supply
Electricity

Question 6
Mention a few public facilities that are provided by private companies.
Solution:
Schools and colleges
Hospitals
Transportation
The above mentioned facilities are provided by the government and private companies. We can find many private educational institutions in cities. Long distance buses are operated by private companies; similarly there are many Private Hospitals that provide health care for the citizens.

Question 7
How does the government raise fund to provide public facilities?
Solution:
The main source of income for the government is through the tax it collects from the citizens.
Some of the types of taxes the government collects are………..
Income Tax
Property Tax
Sales Tax
Excise Duty
Water Tax
Vehicle Tax
With the revenue from the tax collected, the government provides the public facilities mentioned earlier.

Question 8
What is a Government Budget?
Solution:
The government plans its expenditure, making a clear statement on the amount of money it is going to spend on each facility.
This statement is called the ‘Government Budget’ and is presented in the Parliament and Legislature every year in the month February / March.

Question 9
What is sanitation?
Solution:
Sanitation is measures taken up by the government to protect public health through proper solid waste disposal, sewage disposal, and cleanliness during food processing and preparation.

Question 10
Write a short note on Sulabh International.
Solution:
Sulabh International is an Indian based social service organization which works to promote human rights, environmental sanitation, non-conventional sources of energy, waste management and social reforms through education. Sulabh was founded by Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak in 1970 and has 50,000 volunteers.
The organization constructs and maintains pay-&-use public toilets, popularly known as Sulabh Complexes with bath, laundry and urinal facilities being used by about ten million people every day.
There are more than 7,500 public toilet blocks and 1.2 million private toilets. The majority of the users of Sulabh facilities are from the poor working class.

Law and Social,Justice NCERT Class 8 Social and Political life Extra Questions

  

Law and Social,Justice NCERT Class 8 Social and Political life Extra Questions

Law and Social,Justice NCERT Class 8 Social and Political life Extra Questions

Question 1
How do government certifications like the ISI certification help the consumer?
Solution:
When a product has the ISI mark the consumer can be certain that the product is of good quality and it is safe. Hall mark certification assures the consumer of the purity of gold they buy.
ISO certification assures the consumer that a company has a good Quality Management System.
Consumers might be put to risk by the poor quality of products such as electrical appliances, food, medicines if the government had not set up the Bureau of Indian Standards.

Question 2
How can the government ensure social justice?
Solution:
Through making, enforcing and upholding certain laws, the government can control the activities of individuals or private companies so as to ensure social justice.

Question 3
Write a brief note on the Bhopal gas tragedy.
Solution:
Union Carbide was an American Company which had a factory in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, which produced pesticides. At midnight on 2nd December, 1984, methyl-isocyanides – a highly poisonous gas – started leaking from the factory plant.
Within three days, more than 8,000 people were dead. Hundreds of thousands were maimed. Most of those exposed to the poison gas came from poor, working-class families.
There are nearly 50,000 people today who are too sick to work. Among those who survived, many developed severe respiratory disorders, eye problems and other disorders. Children developed peculiar abnormalities.
The Bhopal disaster is frequently cited as the world’s worst industrial disaster.

Question 4
What were the reasons for the Bhopal tragedy?
Solution:
The Union Carbide tank’s alarms had not worked for 4 years. The steam boiler, intended to clean the pipes, was out of action and water sprays designed to “knock down” gas leaks were poorly designed. No action plans had been established to cope with incidents of this magnitude. The local authorities were not informed of the quantities or dangers of chemicals used and manufactured at the factory. These were the reasons for the Bhopal tragedy.

Question 5
What are the reasons for the sharp differences in safety standards between the 2 Union carbide factories in the USA and India?
Solution:
India has a high rate of unemployment and due to this workers are willing to work in unsafe conditions. One worker can easily replace another due to over population. Ignorance and the vulnerability of Indian workers is also another reason why the safety standards in the Indian factory were very much lower than the factory in USA.

Question 6
In what way was the Government responsible for the Bhopal tragedy?
Solution:
Safety laws were lax in India and these weak safety laws were not enforced.
Government officials refused to recognise the plant as hazardous and allowed it to come up in a populated locality. Though there was some objection regarding the safety violation, the government allowed the factory to start production as it was providing jobs for the local people.
The government did not take the initiative to ask the Union Carbide Company to shift to cleaner technology or safer procedures. Government inspectors continued to approve the procedures in the plant, even when there were repeated incidents of poisonous gas leaks. So the government has to bear certain responsibility for the tragedy.


Class 8 Social and Political life Understanding our Criminal Justice System || IMPORTANT QUESTION

IMPORTANT QUESTION-Understanding our Criminal Justice System

Q1. Mention the importance of the court of law in our legal system.

Ans. Courts play an important role in our legal system as they are the ones who provides justice and see to it that person who has committed crime is guilty or not.

Q2. Mention the four key players in criminal justice system.
Ans. Police, Public Prosecutor, Defense Lawyer, Judge.

Q3. Describe the role of the police in Investigating a Crime.
1.      One  important  function  of  the  police  is  to  investigate  any  complaint  about  the commission of a crime.
2.      An investigation includes recording statements of witnesses and collecting different kinds of evidence.
3.      On the basis of investigation, the police are required to form an opinion.
4.      If the police think that the evidence points to the guilt of the accused person, then they file a charge sheet in the court.
5.      Ultimately judge takes the decision whether a person is guilty or innocent.

Q4. What guidelines have been laid by Supreme Court for police during investigation?
a)      The Supreme Court has laid down guidelines that the police must follow at the time of arrest, detention and interrogation.
b)      Police investigation always has to be conducted in accordance with law and with full respect for human rights.
c)      The police are not allowed to torture or beat or shoot anyone during investigation.
d)     They cannot inflict any form of punishment on a person even for petty offences.

Q5. How is article 22 of Indian Constitution a guarantee from arbitrary arrest?
Ans. Article 22 of the constitution and criminal law guarantee from arbitrary arrest as they are helped from their fundamental right as stated below:
·         The Right to be informed at the time of arrest of the offence for which the person is being arrested.
·         The Right to be presented before a magistrate within 24 hours of arrest.
·         The Right not to be treated or tortured during arrest or in custody.
·         Confessions made in police custody cannot be used as evidence against the accused.
·         A boy under 15 years of age and women cannot be called to the police station only for
questioning.

Q6. List the guidelines given by D.K. Basu for arrest and detention.
Ans. The following are the guidelines given by D.K. Basu.
·         The police officials who carry out the arrest or interrogation should wear clear, accurate and visible identification and name tags with their designations.
·         A memo of arrest should be prepared at the time of arrest and should include the time and date of arrest. It should also be attested by at least one witness who could include a family member of the person arrested. The arrest memo should be counter signed by the person arrested.
·         The person arrested, detained or being interrogated has a right to inform a relative, friend or well- wisher.
·         When a friend or relative lives outside the district, the time, place of arrest and venue of custody must be notified by police within 8 to 12 hours after arrest.

Q7. Write a short note on F.I.R.
  1.  It is with the registration of an FIR (First Information Report) that the police can begin their investigations into a crime.
  2.  The law states that it is compulsory for an officer in charge of a police station to register an FIR whenever a person gives information about a cognizable offence.
  3.  This information can be given to the police either orally or in writing.
  4.  The FIR usually mentions the date, time and place of the offence, details the basic facts of the offence, including a description of the events.
  5.   If known, the identity of the accused persons and witnesses is also mentioned.
  6.  The FIR also states the name and address of the complainant.
  7.  There is a prescribed form in which the police register an FIR and it is signed by the complainant.
  8.  The complainant also has a legal right to get a free copy of the FIR from the police.

Q8. Explain the role of the judge in the Indian Judicial Criminal System.
·       The judge is like an umpire in a game and conducts the trial impartially and in an open court.
·       The judge hears all the witnesses and any other evidence presented by the prosecution and the defence.
·       The judge decides whether the accused person is guilty or innocent on the basis of the evidence presented and in accordance with the law.
·       If the accused is convicted, then the judge pronounces the sentence.
·       He may send the person to jail or impose a fine or both, depending on what the law prescribes.

Q9. What is a FAIR TRIAL?
·         A fair trial is when the trail is held in an open court, in public view.
·         Any relative can attend the court. The trial is held in the presence of the accused.
·         The  accused  is  defended  by  a  lawyer.  The  advocate  of  the  accused  is  given  an opportunity to present witnesses in the accused defence.
·         Although the police files the cases judge should assume the accused to be innocent.
·         The judge should decide the matter only on the basis of evidence before the court.
·         The judge should be impartial. They all should ensure that all the citizens irrespective of their class, caste, gender, religious and ideological background gets a fair trial when accuses.

Q10. What is the role of the Public Prosecutor?
·         In the court, it is the public prosecutor who represents the interests of the state.
·         The role of the Prosecutor begins once the police has conducted the investigation and filed the charge sheet in the court.
·         He / She have no role to play in the investigation.
·         The prosecutor must conduct the prosecution on behalf of the state.
·         As an officer of the court, it is his/ her duty to act impartially and present the full and material facts, witnesses and evidence before the court to enable the court to decide the case.

Important Questions for Class 7 Science NCERT

Nutrition in Plants Class 7 Extra Questions Science Chapter 1

  

Nutrition in Plants Class 7 Extra Questions Science Chapter 1

Nutrition in Plants Class 7 Science Extra Questions Very Short Answer Type

Question 1.
Potato and ginger are both underground parts that store food. Where is the food prepared in these plants? [NCERT Exemplar]
Anwer:
In both the plants, shoot system and leaves are above ground. They prepare food through photosynthesis and transport it to the underground part for storage.

Question 2.
Plants prepare their food using a different mode of nutrition than us. What is it?
Answer:
The mode of nutrition in plant is autotrophic, i.e. they synthesise their own food.

Question 3.
Photosynthesis requires chlorophyll and a few other raw materials. Add the missing raw materials to the list given below:
Water, minerals, (a) …… (b) …….
Answer:
(a) Sunlight
(b) Carbon dioxide

Question 4.
The tiny openings present on the leaf surface. What are they called?
Answer:
Stomata are the tiny pores present on the surface of leaves through which gaseous exchange takes place in plants.

Question 5.
What is the function of guard cells of stomata?
Answer:
Guard cells help in controlling the opening and closing of stomata for gaseous exchange.

Question 6.
Which parts of the plant are called food factories of the plant?
Answer:
Leaves are referred to as food factories of plants. This is because, leaves synthesise food by the process of photosynthesis.

Question 7.
A carbohydrate is produced by plants as food source. It is constituted from which molecules?
Answer:
Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

Question 8.
Why do some plants feed on insects?
Answer:
Insectivorous plants grow in soil which lack nitrogen, therefore they eat insects to fulfill their need of nitrogen.

Question 9.
Define parasites.
Answer:
Parasites they are those organisms which grow on other plants or animals for their food, e.g. Cuscuta.

Question 10.
Name the bacteria that can fix atmospheric nitrogen.
Answer:
Rhizobium is the bacterium which can fix atmospheric nitrogen.

Question 11.
Except plants, why can’t other living organisms prepare their food using CO2, water and minerals? [HOTS]
Answer:
Our body does not contain chlorophyll for absorbing solar energy which is necessary for preparing food using air, water, etc.

Question 12.
A leguminous plant can restore the soil’s concentration of mineral nutrients. Can you give examples of some such plants?
Answer:
Plants such as gram, pulses and beans are leguminous.

Question 13.
Algae are green in colour. Why?
Answer:
Algae contain chlorophyll which imparts green colour to them.

Question 14.
what do you understand by nutrition?
Answer:
The process of utilising nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, fats, etc., to generate energy is called nutrition.

Question 15.
Fungus can be harmful and useful. Give an example showing both of these traits of fungus.
Answer:
Fungus produces antibiotics like penicillin used to treat diseases and fungus can also harm us by causing fungal infections on skin and hair.

Question 16.
A unique feature in leaves allows them to prepare the food while other parts of plants cannot. Write the possible reason for this. [HOTS]
Answer:
Leaves contain chlorophyll which is essential for food preparation and is absent in other parts of plant.

Question 17.
Algae and fungi form a unique association sharing benefits from each other. What is the name of association between them?
Answer:
Lichens.

Question 18.
In a plant, photosynthesis occurs in a part other than leaf. Name that plant and the part where photosynthesis occurs.
Answer:
Cactus, the part where photosynthesis occurs are stem and branches which are green.

Question 19.
Why is Cuscuta, categorised as a parasite?
Answer:
Cuscuta derives its nutrition using an association where it deprives its host of all valuable nutrients and absorbs them itself. Hence, it is called a parasitic plant.

Question 20.
Plant cannot use the nitrogen present in the soil directly. Why?
Answer:
Plants can use nitrogen only in soluble form while in soil nitrogen is present in inorganic form.

Question 21.
Why are insectivorous plants called partial heterotrophs?
Answer:
Insectivorous plants are autotrophs, i.e. they prepare their own food. They are partial heterotrophs as they eat insects for obtaining nitrogen.

Question 22.
What is the stored food form in sunflower seeds?
Answer:
In sunflower seeds, glucose is stored in the form of oils (fats).

Question 23.
What do you understand by saprotrophic mode of nutrition?
Answer:
The mode of nutrition in which organisms take their nutrients from dead and decaying matter is called saprotrophic mode of nutrition.

Question 24.
A mutually beneficial relationship that occurs between two plants. It is known by what name? Give an example.
Answer:
Symbiosis is the mutually benefitting association between two plants, e.g. lichens.

Question 25.
For testing the presence of starch in leaves, a boiled leaf is used. Why?
Answer:
Boiling the leaf remove chlorophyll/green colour from the leaves.

Question 26.
Mosquitoes, bed bugs, lice and leeches suck our blood. Can they be called as parasites? [HOTS]
Answer:
Yes, these animals/insects are parasites as they harm the hosts while they suck blood.

Question 27.
Insectivorous plants have one or the other specialised organs to catch their prey. What is that organ?
Answer:
Leaves of insectivorous plants catches the prey.

Question 28.
Farmers spread manure of fertilisers in the field or in gardens, etc. Why are these added to the soil?
Answer:
Plants absorb mineral nutrients from soil. Thus, declining their concentration in soil fertilisers and manures enhance or add these essential nutrients back in soil.

Question 29.
A cell is formed of many sub-components. Identify different constituents of the cell. Are animal and plant cells similar?
Answer:
A cell contains nucleus, cytoplasm, vacuole, cell organelles like chloroplast, mitochondria, etc. No, animal cells are different from plant cells.

Question 30.
A goat eats away all the leaves of a small plant (balsam). However, in a few days, new leaves could be seen sprouting in the plant again. How did the plant survive without leaves? [NCERT Exemplar; HOTS]
Answer:
The plant of balsam survived on the food stored in the stem and roots.

Nutrition in Plants Class 7 Science Extra Questions Short Answer Type

Question 1.
Different modes of nutrition has been observed in plants. What are they? Give example of each.
Answer:
Plants show two major modes of nutrition, i.e.
(i) Autotrophs are those which can synthesise their own food.
(ii) Heterotrophs are those which are dependent on other plants and animals for their food. They are of following types:
(a) Parasites, e.g. Cuscuta
(b) Saprotrophs, e.g. fungi.

Question 2.
Sunlight, chlorophyll, carbon dioxide, water and minerals are raw materials essential for photosynthesis. Do you know where they are available? Fill in the blanks with the appropriate raw materials.
(a) Available in the plant: ………
(b) Available in the soil: ………
(c) Available in the air: ………
(d) Available during day : ……… [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
(a) Available in the plant: chlorophyll
(b) Available in the soil : water, minerals
(c) Available in the air : carbon dioxide
(d) Available during day : sunlight

Question 3.
Plants are considered an essential part of earth as they keep a check on lot of process occurring all over. What would happen if all the green plants are wiped from earth? [HOTS]
Answer:
Green plants are the source of energy for all the living organisms so that they can perform their normal functions. If all green plants and trees disappear, all the organism depending on them for food and shelter will also die.

The lack of gaseous exchange will lead to increase in amount of CO2, causing death in humans and other animals also. The cycle of life will gradually disappear.

Question 4.
Autotrophs and heterotrophs are two different organisms with distinct modes of nutrition state. How are they different from each other?
Answer:
The difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs are as follows:

AutotrophsHeterotrophs
They can prepare their own food.They cannot prepare their own food.
Autotrophs take simple inorganic substances and change it into complex organic food, e.g. green plants.They take in complex food and breakdown it into simple compounds, e.g. all animals, fungi and non-green plants.

Question 5.
Wheat dough if left in the open, after a few days, starts to emit a foul smell and becomes unfit for use. Give reason. [NCERT Exemplar; HOTS]
Answer:
Carbohydrates in wheat dough encourage the growth of yeast and other saprophytic fungi which breakdown carbohydrates into simpler compounds like CO2 and alcohol and emit a foul smell.

Question 6.
What are the various raw materials for photosynthesis?
Answer:
Plants utilise carbon dioxide from air and water and minerals are derived from soil (through roots) as raw material for photosynthesis. Besides these chlorophyll present in green leaf is necessary for the process and sunlight is the source of energy which is converted into chemical energy during the process of photosynthesis.

Question 7.
Observe the given figure and label the following terms given in the box. Stomatal opening, guard cell
Nutrition in Plants Class 7 Extra Questions Science Chapter 1 sh Q 7
Answer:
Labelled figure is given below:
Nutrition in Plants Class 7 Extra Questions Science Chapter 1 sh Q 7.1

Question 8.
Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plants growth. But farmers who cultivate pulses as crops like green gram, bengal gram, black gram, etc., do not apply nitrogenous fertilisers during t cultivation. Why? [NCERT Exemplar; HOTS]
Answer:
Roots of pulses (leguminous plants) have a symbiotic association with a bacterium called Rhizobium. This bacteria convert gaseous nitrogen of air into water soluble nitrogen compounds and give them to the leguminous plants for their growth. Hence, farmers need not use nitrogenous fertilisers.

Question 9.
Pooja is worried about her new shoes which she wore on special occassions that they were spoiled by fungus during rainy season. Is she right to worry, if yes, then tell why does fungi suddenly appears during the rainy season? [HOTS]
Answer:
Yes, the fungi reproduces by spores which are generally present in the air and grow on any article that are left in hot and humid weather for a long time. During rainy season they land on wet and warm things and begin to germinate and grow.

Question 10.
In what unique manner does a pitcher plant derive its nutrition?
Answer:
Nepenthes or pitcher plant modifies its leaf axis into a long tubular pitcher to form a pitfall trap. Inside the pitcher sticky liquid is present. When any insect comes in contact with the leaf, the lid present on it is closed and insect is trapped. The liquid contains digestive enzymes which slowly digest the trapped insects.

Question 11.
Water and minerals are absorbed by the roots and then transported to leaves. How?
Answer:
Water and minerals are transported to the leaves by the vessels which run like pipes throughout the root, stem, branches and the leaves. These vessels are xylem and phloem, forming a continuous path or passage for the nutrients to make them reach the leaf.

Question 12.
Some plants have deep red, violet or brown coloured leaves. Can these leaves perform the photosynthesis process? [HOTS]
Answer:
Yes, plants having deep red, violet or brown coloured leaves can also carry out photosynthesis because they contain chlorophyll. But their green colour of chlorophyll is masked by the large amount of all other coloured pigments.

Question 13.
If plant has a requirement for nitrogen, then from where will they obtain it?
Answer:
Soil contains nitrogen in the form that is not usable by plants. Bacteria like Rhizobium converts nitrogen into soluble form that can be easily used by plants. So, if plant has a requirement for nitrogen, then it will obtain that which the help of bacteria.

Question 14.
In the absence of photosynthesis, life would be impossible on earth. Is it true or false?
Answer:
True, because photosynthesis is important for the existence of life on the earth. Photosynthesis is important process as it is provides food to all living organisms and maintains CO2 – O2 balance of nature.

Nutrition in Plants Class 7 Science Extra Questions Long Answer Type

Question 1.
Describe the process by which plants prepare their food using different raw materials.
Answer:
The process by which green plants can prepare their own food is called photosynthesis. Green plants possess chlorophyll in their leaf and utilises carbon dioxide (from air) water, minerals (from soil, through root) as raw material and sunlight as source of energy and convert light energy into chemical energy. The food thus synthesised is in the form of starch (carbohydrate). The overall reaction for photosynthesis can be given as follows:
Nutrition in Plants Class 7 Extra Questions Science Chapter 1 lo Q 1

Question 2.
Describe the method for replinishing the soils with minerals and other essential constituents used by plants growing in those soil by farmers.
Answer:
Replenishment of Nutrients in Soil

Crops require a lot of nitrogen to make proteins. After the harvest, the soil becomes deficient in nitrogen. Plants cannot use the nitrogen gas available in atmosphere directly. Action of certain bacteria can convert this nitrogen into form readily used by plants. Rhizobium bacteria live in the root nodules of leguminous plants. These bacteria take nitrogen gas from the atmosphere and convert it into water soluble nitrogen compounds making it available to the leguminous plants for their growth.

In return, leguminous plants provide food and shelter to the bacteria as Rhizobium cannot prepare its food. They, thus have a symbiotic relationship. This association is very important for the farmers, as they do not need to add nitrogen fertilisers to the soil in which leguminous plants are grown.

Question 3.
Harish went to visit his grandfather in village where he saw that his grandfather’s field of wheat are infected with fungus but no one is aware of this. Harish rushed to his grandfather’s side and told him that the field have been infected with fungi. He should use an antifungal agent in his fields to stop this infection.
(a) What is fungus?
(b) Can fungus only cause diseases or can it be helpful also?
(c) What values are shown by Harish? [Value Based Question]
Answer:
(a) Fungus are saprophytic organisms usually present as spores in atmosphere which can germinate on any substrate in optimal conditions.
(b) Fungus are also useful in that they produce many antibiotics which can cure different types of infections like penicillin.
(c) Harish is sincere, curious and knowledgeable with a keen sense of applying it where necessary.

Question 4.
Wild animals like tiger, wolf, lion and leopard do not eat plants. Does this mean that they can survive without plants? Can you provide a suitable explanation? [HOTS]
Answer:
Animals like tiger, wolf, lion and leopard are carnivores and do not eat plants. They hunt and eat herbivorous animals like deer, gaur, bison, zebra, giraffe, etc., which are dependent on plants for food.

If there are no plants, herbivorous animals will not survive and ultimately animals like tiger, wolf, lion and leopard will have nothing to eat.

Question 5.
Asha went to visit her grandfather in his village. He was having a serious discussion with his fellow members regarding the productivity level of crops for present year. They all were worried about how to increase the productivity of crop Asha listened to this and then suggested to the group that the reason may be decreased level of minerals in soil.
She told her grandfather to plant crops like pulses, gram, beans, etc., for a year then follow with regular crops. This will increase the crop productivity?
(a) What will you name the process suggested by Asha? Why is there decrease in crop productivity?
(b) What are noted benefits of this process? Will the results be as what Asha expressed?
(c) What values are shown by Asha? [Value Based Question]
Answer:
(a) This process is known as crop rotation. All the plants/crops grown in soil use the minerals present in soil for their own use. This continuous usage depletes the concentration of mineral in soil.
(b) After growing leguminous plants, the mineral content of soil is restored and enriched to new level. Yes, the benefit of leguminous plant is the re-enrichment of soil minerals.
(c) Asha is observant, sincere and interested in applying her knowledge to situations.

Nutrition in Plants Class 7 Science Extra Questions Miscellaneous

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Organisms which prepare food for themselves using simple naturally available raw materials are referred to as [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) heterotrophs
(b) autotrophs
(c) parasites
(d) saprophytes
Answer:
(b) autotrophs

Question 2.
In the process of photosynthesis, which of the following energy conversions occur?
(a) Solar energy is changed into chemical energy.
(b) Solar energy is changed into mechanical energy.
(c) Bioenergy is converted into chemical energy.
(d) Chemical energy is changed into light energy.
Answer:
(a) Solar energy is changed into chemical energy.

Question 3.
The raw material used by plants during photosynthesis
(a) N2 and O2
(b) O2, H2 and CO2
(c) CO2 and water
(d) water and minerals
Answer:
(c) CO2 and water

Question 4.
Which of the following statements is/are correct?
(i) All green plants can prepare their own food.
(ii) Most animals are autotrophs.
(iii) Carbon dioxide is not required for photosynthesis.
(iv) Oxygen is liberated during photosynthesis.
choose the correct answer from the options below: [NCERT Examplar]
(a) (i) and (iv)
(b) only (ii)
(c) (ii) and (iii)
(d) (i) and (ii)
Answer:
(a)  (i) and (iv) are correct statements and (ii) and (iii) are incorrect. Because (ii) animals are heterotrophs and (iii) CO2 is necessary for photosynthesis. Green plants prepare their own food from CO2 and H2O.

Question 5.
The symbiotic association is seen in which of the following?
(a) Lichens
(b) Algae
(c) Fungi
(d) Bacteria
Answer:
(a) Lichens

Question 6.
Pitcher plant traps insects because it
(a) is a heterotroph
(b) grows in soils which lack in nitrogen
(c) does not have chlorophyll
(d) has a digestive system like human beings
Answer:
(b) grows in soils which lack in nitrogen

Question 7.
Insectivorous plant among the following is
(a) lichen
(b) Cuscuta
(c) pitcher plant
(d) bread mould
Answer:
(c) pitcher plant

Question 8.
In the plant of cactus leaves are modified into
(a) branches
(b) spines
(c) leaf vein
(d) pitcher
Answer:
(b) spines

Question 9.
If iodine is dropped on the boiled leaf it gives blue-black colour due to the presence of
(a) starch
(b) protein
(c) fat
(d) vitamin
Answer:
(a) starch

Question 10.
When we observe the lower surface of a leaf through a magnifying lens, we see numerous small openings. Which of the following is the term given to such openings
(a) Stomata
(b) Lamina
(c) Midrib
(d) Veins
Answer:
(a) Stomata

Question 11.
Two organisms are good friends and live together. One provide? shelter, water and nutrients while the other prepares and provides food. Such an association of organisms is termed as
(a) saprophyte
(b) parasite
(c) autotroph
(d) symbiosis
Answer:
(d) symbiosis

Question 12.
In the process of photosynthesis, plants
(a) take O2 and release CO2
(b) take CO2 and release O2
(c) take and release O2
(d) take O2 and release water
Answer:
(b) take CO2 and release O2

Question 13.
Which of the following raw material is available in the air for photosynthesis? [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) Oxygen
(b) Carbon dioxide
(c) Nitrogen
(d) Hydrogen
Answer:
(b) Carbon dioxide

Question 14.
The ultimate source of food on earth is
(a) plants
(b) sunlight
(c) animals
(d) proteins
Answer:
(a) plants

Question 15.
Farmers use manure and fertilisers to
(a) replenish plant
(b) replenish soil
(c) replenish air
(d) replenish fungi
Answer:
(b) replenish soil

Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
The association where two participating plants mutually benefit each other is called …….
Answer:
symbiosis

Question 2.
……. plants derive their nutrient from dead and decaying animals or plants.
Answer:
Saprophytic

Question 3.
The openings present on the surface of leaves are protected by cells called …….
Answer:
guard cells

Question 4.
Leaves are called the ……. of plants.
Answer:
food factory

Question 5.
All green plants possess ……. in their leaves.
Answer:
chlorophyll

Question 6.
Cuscuta is a ……. plant.
Answer:
parasitic

Question 7.
The plants that provide nutrition to the parasitic plant are called …….
Answer:
host

True/False

Question 1.
Food is necessary for plants only.
Answer:
False, food is necessary for all the living organisms as all of them grow and require maintenance from time to time

Question 2.
Animals are heterotrophs.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
Cells are called building block of a body.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
Chlorophyll is present in an animal cell.
Answer:
False, chlorophyll is present in leaf of plants not in animal cells.

Question 5.
Fungi are green plants that can synthesise their own food.
Answer:
False, fungi are not green and they are not classified as plants. They are saprophytic organisms which derive nutrition from dead and decaying matter.

Question 6.
Pitcher plant eats insects.
Answer:
True

Question 7.
Lichen is a saprophytic plant.
Answer:
False, lichen is a symbiotic association between an alga and a fungi. It is not a plant.

Question 8.
Rhizobium can fix atmospheric nitrogen into nitrogen compound.
Answer:
True

Match the Columns

Question 1.
Match the Column I with Column II.
Nutrition in Plants Class 7 Extra Questions Science Chapter 1 imgg Q 10
Answers:
1. (a) – (iv), (b) – (iii), (c) – (v), (d) – (vii), (e) – (i), (f) – (x), (g) – (ii), (h) – (vi), (i) – (viii), (j) – (ix)

Subscribe to: Posts (Atom)