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Chapter 9: Recent Developments in Indian Politics – Important Questions (1 Mark & 2 Mark)

Chapter 9: Recent Developments in Indian Politics – Important Questions (1 Mark & 2 Mark)

1 Mark Questions

Q1. Name the two alliances/fronts that formed the government at the center in 1989 and 1996, respectively. (All India 2014)
Ans.

  1. National Front – 1989

  2. United Front – 1996

Q2. From which year did the era of coalition governments at the center begin in India? (Delhi 2013)
Ans. 1989

Q3. Mention any two incidents of violence against minority communities that are a threat to democracy. (Delhi 2012)
Ans.

  1. Anti-Sikh riots – 1984

  2. Anti-Muslim riots – 2002

Q4. In which year did the Congress party win 415 Lok Sabha seats? Who became the Prime Minister at that time? (Delhi 2012, 2011)
Ans. Congress won 415 seats in 1984, and Rajiv Gandhi became Prime Minister.

Q5. Why was Babri Masjid demolished? (Delhi 2011)
Ans. Supporters of the Ram Temple movement gathered at Ayodhya for Karseva and demolished the Babri Masjid on 6th December 1992 to clear land for the construction of a Ram Temple.

Q6. Name the founder of the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP). (Delhi 2011)
Ans. Kanshi Ram

Q7. Which two diametrically opposite political groups supported the National Front Government in 1989? (All India 2011)
Ans. Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and the Left Front

Q8. Since 1989 until the election of 2004, which party had been gaining strength in the Lok Sabha? (Delhi 2008)
Ans. Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)

Q9. What was the Mandal Commission? When was it appointed? (Delhi 2008)
Ans. The Mandal Commission was set up on 1st January 1979 to determine the criteria for identifying socially and educationally backward classes.

Q10. What was the Ayodhya dispute? (Delhi (C) 2008)
Ans. A dispute between Hindus and Muslims over the Babri Masjid in Ayodhya.

Q11. Correct and rewrite the following: "In 1987, the Backward and Minority Federation (BAMCEF) was formed." (All India (C) 2008)
Ans. In 1978, the Backward and Minority Communities Employees Federation (BAMCEF) was formed.

2 Mark Questions

Q1. Who was the chairperson of the Mandal Commission? State any one recommendation made by him/her. (Delhi 2014)
OR
Highlight any two recommendations of the Mandal Commission. (Delhi 2013)
Ans.

  • Chairperson: B.P. Mandal

  • Two recommendations:

    1. 27% reservation for Other Backward Classes (OBCs) in government jobs.

    2. Welfare programs for OBCs to be funded by the Government of India.

Q2. Highlight any two effects of the 1989 elections on Indian politics. (Delhi 2014)
Ans.

  1. End of the "Congress system" – Congress lost its dominance.

  2. Beginning of coalition politics in India.

Q3. What does a coalition government mean? Mention any one example. (All India 2013)
Ans. A coalition government is formed when two or more parties join hands to form a government.
Example: UPA, NDA (First coalition government: 1977).

Q4. What was the change in the electoral performance of Congress and BJP from 1984 to 2004? (Delhi 2012)
Ans.

  1. BJP grew from 2 seats (1984) to 138 seats (2004).

  2. Congress declined from 415 seats (1984) to 145 seats (2004).Q5. Why are coalition governments unstable? Explain with examples from 1989 and 1996. (All India 2012)

    Ans.

    1. 1989 – National Front Government was unstable as it was supported by BJP and Left Front, which had opposite ideologies.

    2. 1996 – United Front Government was unstable; H.D. Deve Gowda and later I.K. Gujral became Prime Ministers, but the government fell due to lack of stability.

    Q6. Give any two arguments in favor of reservation for SCs, STs, and OBCs in higher education institutions. (All India 2011)
    Ans.

    1. Low representation of backward classes in education.

    2. Employment opportunities in government jobs were also very low for these communities.

    Q7. What was the Ayodhya dispute? (Delhi 2011)
    OR
    When was the disputed structure in Ayodhya demolished? How was the state government punished? (Delhi 2008)
    Ans.

    • Ayodhya dispute was over the Babri Masjid, which some Hindus believed was the birthplace of Lord Ram.

    • On 6th December 1992, the Babri Masjid was demolished.

    • The BJP government in Uttar Pradesh was dismissed, and the Chief Minister faced a Supreme Court case for contempt.

    Q8. What was the main reason for the anti-Muslim riots in Gujarat in 2002? (All India 2011; Delhi 2011)
    Ans.

    1. A bogey of the Sabarmati Express train at Godhra station was set on fire, killing Karsevaks returning from Ayodhya.

    2. This incident triggered large-scale violence against Muslims in Gujarat.

    Q9. What is meant by a ‘coalition’? During which period did this type of government gain popularity in India? (Delhi 2010)
    Ans. A coalition government is formed when two or more political parties join hands to run the government.

    • First coalition government: 1977

    • Became more popular after 1989.

Chapter 8: Regional Aspirations - Important Questions & Answers

Chapter 8: Regional Aspirations – Important Questions (1 Mark & 2 Mark)

1 Mark Questions

Q1. Name the three social and political regions of the northernmost state of India. (Delhi 2015)
OR
Jammu and Kashmir state comprises which three social and political regions? (Delhi 2011)
Ans. The three regions are Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh.

Q2. Justify that ‘Regionalism is not as dangerous as communalism’. (All India 2015)
Ans. Regionalism affects a specific region, whereas communalism threatens the unity of the whole nation.

Q3. Why were the seven small states created in North-East India? (Delhi 2015)
Ans. Due to isolation, complex social structure, and backwardness compared to other regions of India.

Q4. Why do some people feel that Article 370 should be revoked? (All India 2015)
Ans. They believe that Article 370 prevents full integration of Jammu and Kashmir with India.

Q5. Which student group led the anti-foreigner movement in Assam? (Delhi 2014)
OR
Which organisation led the movement against foreign nationals in 1979? (All India 2013)
Ans. All Assam Students’ Union (AASU).

Q6. When was the first democratic election to the Sikkim Assembly held, and which party won? (All India 2013)
Ans. In 1974, Sikkim Congress swept the elections.

Q7. The states of which region of India are called the ‘Seven Sisters’? (Delhi 2013)
Ans. The Northeastern states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, and Tripura.

Q8. Mention any one point of agreement included in the Rajiv Gandhi-Longowal Accord. (Delhi 2013)
Ans. It was agreed that Chandigarh would be transferred to Punjab.

Q9. Shetkari Sangathan and Rajya Sangha belong to which two states? (All India 2013)
Ans. Maharashtra and Karnataka, respectively.

Q10. Differentiate between regionalism and separatism. (All India 2011)
Ans.

  • Regionalism focuses on the interests of a region within a country.

  • Separatism seeks complete independence based on ethnicity, religion, or culture.

Q11. What is meant by the Punjab Accord of 1985? (All India 2011)
Ans. A peace agreement between the Indian government and Akali Dal leader Harchand Singh Longowal to resolve Punjab’s political crisis.

Q12. What was the main reason behind the secessionist movement in North-East India? (Delhi 2011)
Ans. The region’s isolation and economic backwardness compared to the rest of India.

Q13. Correct the statement: "Goa was not merged with Maharashtra because the Central Government did not want it." (Delhi 2008; All India 2008)
Ans. Goa was not merged with Maharashtra because the people of Goa rejected it.

Q14. What was ‘Operation Blue Star’? (All India (C) 2008)
Ans. A military operation in 1984 to remove militants from the Golden Temple, Amritsar.

2 Mark Questions

Q1. What will happen if regions are not given their due share in decision-making at the national level? (All India 2017)
Ans. It will cause tensions and conflicts, affecting political stability and national unity.

Q2. How far did the Rajiv Gandhi-Longowal Accord succeed in bringing peace to Punjab? (All India 2017)
Ans. The accord was a step towards peace, but violence continued for nearly a decade.

Q3. Why and how did the Mizo movement for secession gain popular support? (All India 2016)
Ans.

  1. Some Mizos believed they were never part of British India.

  2. 1959 famine and lack of government aid fueled anger.

  3. Led to the formation of Mizo National Front (MNF) under Laldenga.

  4. The 1986 Peace Accord granted statehood to Mizoram.

Q4. What was Operation Blue Star, and why did it hurt Sikh sentiments? (All India 2016)
Ans.

  • A military action in 1984 to remove Sikh militants from Golden Temple, Amritsar.

  • It damaged the temple, deeply hurting Sikh religious sentiments.

Q5. How was the reorganisation of North-East India completed, and by when? (Delhi 2016)
Ans. By 1972, when Meghalaya, Manipur, and Tripura became full-fledged states.

Q6. What does the special status of Jammu and Kashmir under Article 370 mean? (All India 2014)
OR
Mention any two provisions reflecting J&K’s special status. (Delhi 2008)
Ans.

  1. J&K had its own Constitution.

  2. Indian laws applied only with the state’s approval.

Q7. Highlight any two issues dominating North-East India’s politics. (All India 2013)
Ans.

  1. Demands for autonomy by ethnic groups.

  2. Movements for secession and opposition to outsiders.

Q8. Name the original states from which the following states were carved out: (All India 2012)

  • Meghalaya

  • Gujarat
    Ans.

  • Meghalaya from Assam (1972).

  • Gujarat from Bombay State (1960).

Q9. Describe the outcome of the Assam Accord (1985). (All India 2010)
Ans.

  • Foreigners who entered Assam after 1971 were to be identified and deported.

Q10. ‘Regionalism does not imply separatism.’ Explain. (Delhi 2009)
Ans.

  • Regionalism demands more autonomy within a country.

  • Separatism seeks complete independence from the country.


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