1 Mark Questions
Question 1.
Highlight the most novel aspect of the Chipko movement. (Delhi 2016)
OR
What was Chipko Movement? (All India 2012, 2008; Delhi (C) 2008)
OR
What is meant by Chipko movement? (All India 2011)
Answer: The Chipko movement was primarily a forest conservation movement in India that began in 1973 in Uttarakhand (then Uttar Pradesh). The most novel aspect of the movement was women’s active participation in it.
Question 2.
Mention the two main demands of the Bhartiya Kisan Union (BKU) in the 1980s. (All India 2014, Delhi 2014, 2013)
Answer: The two main demands of the BKU were:
Higher government floor prices for sugarcane and wheat.
Abolition of restrictions on interstate trade.
Question 3.
Name the popular movement which demanded that no forest-exploiting contract should be given to any outsider. (Delhi 2013)
Answer: Chipko Movement.
Question 4.
What was the Anti-arrack movement? (Delhi 2012, All India 2010)
Answer: The Anti-Arrack movement was a social movement in Andhra Pradesh. It was a movement by rural women against alcoholism and the liquor mafia.
Question 5.
What was the main objective of the Dalit Panthers? (Delhi 2011)
Answer: The main objective of the Dalit Panthers was to destroy the caste system and build an organization for all oppressed sections.
Question 6.
What is meant by ‘Party-Based Movements’? (Delhi 2010)
Answer: Party-based movements are social or political movements based on the ideologies of political parties, but their activists do not participate in elections formally.
2 Mark Questions
Question 1.
How does a party-based movement differ from a non-party movement? (All India 2014, Delhi 2008)
Answer: Party-based movements are influenced by the ideologies of political parties, while non-party movements operate independently without formal party association.
Question 2.
What was the main demand of the Chipko movement? (Delhi 2014)
Answer: The main demands of the Chipko movement were:
No forest-exploiting contracts should be given to outsiders.
Local communities should have effective control over forest resources.
Question 3.
Highlight any two main demands of the Anti-Arrack movement. (Delhi 2014)
Answer:
To ban the sale of alcohol (arrack) in their areas.
Equal representation for women in politics.
Question 4.
Mention any two issues of concern related to development projects such as the Sardar Sarovar Project. (Delhi 2013)
Answer:
Relocation of affected communities.
Proper rehabilitation for displaced people.
Question 5.
List any four activities conducted by the Bhartiya Kisan Union (BKU) to pressurize the state for accepting its demands. (Delhi 2012)
Answer:
Dharna (protests)
Demonstrations
Rallies
Jail Bharo (voluntary arrests)
Question 6.
Which groups are mobilized by popular movements? What are the methods used by these movements? (Delhi 2012)
Answer: Poor, socially and economically disadvantaged, or marginalized groups are mobilized by popular movements. They use large-scale citizen participation methods such as protests, rallies, and petitions.
Question 7.
What was the role of Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan (MKSS) in the enactment of the Right to Information (RTI) Act? (Delhi 2012)
Answer:
MKSS initiated demands for access to records of famine relief work and laborers' accounts.
In 1996, it formed the National Council for People’s Right to Information in Delhi, elevating RTI to a national campaign.
Question 8.
Which action of the Government of India threatened the fish workers’ lives in a major way? Which organization did they form at the national level? (All India 2012, Delhi 2008)
Answer: The government’s permission for mechanized fishing and technologies like bottom trawling threatened the livelihoods of fish workers. They formed the National Fishworkers’ Forum (NFF) at the national level.
Question 9.
Why was the National Fishworkers’ Forum (NFF) formed? (All India 2011)
Answer: The NFF was formed to:
Protect marine ecology.
Safeguard the livelihoods of fish workers.
Question 10.
Mention any two issues raised by the Dalit Panthers. (Delhi 2010, All India 2008)
Answer:
Perpetual caste-based inequalities.
Material injustices faced by Dalits despite constitutional guarantees of equality and justice.
