Chapter 7: Globalisation
What is Globalisation?
Globalisation means the world is becoming more connected. Things like goods, services, ideas, and even people are moving more easily across borders. For example:
Call centers in India serve customers in the US.
Products made in one country (like China) are sold in another (like India).
Opportunities for jobs and education are now more available in different parts of the world.
In short, globalisation means that countries and people around the world are becoming more linked and dependent on each other.
Political Effects of Globalisation:
Globalisation changes the way governments work. In the past, governments controlled many things like healthcare, jobs, and education. But now, multinational companies (MNCs) have more power in these areas.
Less Control for Governments: Globalisation sometimes makes it harder for governments to take decisions independently, because businesses from other countries have influence.
Still Important: Governments are still responsible for key things like security, but they work differently now in a more globalised world.
Economic Effects of Globalisation:
Globalisation has increased trade between countries. This means goods, services, and money can move more freely across borders.
Winners and Losers: While some people and countries get richer because of globalisation, others struggle. For example, large companies benefit a lot, but small businesses and workers in poorer countries can lose out.
Cultural Effects of Globalisation:
Globalisation changes the way we live. It affects what we wear, eat, and how we think. For example, Western products like burgers or jeans are popular in many countries.
Fear of Losing Local Cultures: Some people worry that local traditions and cultures are being replaced by global or Western cultures. This is called cultural homogenisation.
Mix of Cultures: But globalisation doesn’t just replace local cultures—it can also lead to new mixes. For example, people might wear a jeans and kurta combination. This is called cultural heterogenisation, where cultures mix but keep their uniqueness.
Globalisation in India:
India has been part of the global economy for a long time. After gaining independence, India wanted to focus on self-reliance, meaning it made things itself rather than depending on other countries. But in the 1990s, India opened up its economy to global trade and investments. This brought faster economic growth.
Problems: While globalisation helped the economy grow, it also created challenges. Small industries and farmers in India found it hard to compete with large multinational companies.
Resistance to Globalisation:
Not everyone supports globalisation. Many people feel that it helps the rich and powerful more than the poor. Some worry about losing cultural identity, while others are concerned about the economy.
Protests: In India, some groups have protested against globalisation. They argue that it’s hurting farmers and small businesses, and they don’t want foreign companies to have too much influence.
Conclusion:
Globalisation has made the world more connected. It brings both opportunities and challenges. The key is to find a balance that benefits everyone, not just the wealthy or powerful.
