Very Short Answer Type Question
1. Who was Swapna?
Answer: Swapna was a small farmer, growing cotton on her small piece of land.
2. Why did Swapna take loan from the local trader?
Answer: She took loan from the local traders to buy seeds, fertilizers and pesticides for the cultivation of cotton.
3. On what condition did the trader agree to give loan to Swapna?
Answer: He agreed to give loan to Swapna on a condition that she would sell all her cotton to him.
4. What is putting-out arrangement? [V. Imp.]
Answer: Under putting-out arrangement the cloth merchants supply the raw material to the weavers and receive the finished product.
5. Who are mostly employed in the Impex garment factory?
Answer: They are women.
6. What do women workers do in the Impex garment factory?
Answer: They do thread cutting, buttoning, ironing and packaging.
7. Whom does the garment exporting factory export the shirts to?
Answer: The garment exporting factory exports the shirts to foreign buyers.
8: Why people living in India are so unequal?
Answer: Because of poverty and the lack of resource
9: Why teacher forced omprakash Valmiki to sweep the school yard?
Answer: Because he was a Dalit
10: Why does a Dalit girl drop out of school in large number?
Answer: Because of poverty, social discrimination and lack of good quality school facilities
11: Why some people are well known and respected in some communities?
Answer: Because they treat all persons with dignity
12: What is Fisherworker’s cooperatives?
Answer: Fisherworker’s cooperatives an organisation that fights for the rights of displaced forest dwellers of the Satpura forest in Madhya Pradesh.
13: Why old Tehri town and many villages near that river were submerged?
Answer: Because of construction of Tawa dam across the river
14: What was the demand of Tawa Matsya Sangh?
Answer: to continue fishing for their livelihood
15: What was the advantage of Tawa Matsya Sangh?
Answer: it increased the earning of fish workers
Short Answer Type Questions
1: How a writer and singer can be active in the fight against democracy?
Answer: A writer through their stories and a singer by their songs can inspire us and make us believe strongly in an issue and can influence our efforts to correct the situation.
2: How Indian constitution justify rights to equality.
Answer: Indian constitution recognizes all Indians as equal before the law, it states that there should be no discrimination among person on the basis of sex, caste, religion or whether a person is rich or poor
3: Can you describe two methods of struggle that the women’s movement used to raise issues?
Answer: Two methods of struggle that the women’s movement used to raise issues are by raising awareness and protesting.
4. How are small farmers in the grip of the local trader? [V. Imp.]
Answer: Small farmers cannot do without the help of the local traders. They depend on them for various reasons:
(a) During cropping season they take loan from the local traders.
(b) Whenever, there is an illness in the family they go to the local trader for help.
(c) Farmers also face seasonal unemployment. There are times in the year when they have no work and hence no income. During this time their survival depends on borrowing money from him.
Due to these reasons small farmers easily come in the grip of the powerful local traders.
5. How do weaver’s cooperatives reduce the dependence of weavers on the cloth merchants? [V. Imp.]
Answer: In a cooperative people with common interests come together and work for their mutual benefit. In a weaver’s cooperative, the weavers form a group and take up certain activities collectively. They get yam from the yam dealer and distribute it among the weavers. The cooperative also does the marketing. In this way, the role of the merchants is reduced and weavers get a fair price on the cloth that they produce by dint of their hard labour.
6. Write a short note on the Impex garment factory.
Answer: The impex garment factory employs mostly women. The workers work on temporary basis. They can be asked to leave any time. Their wages are fixed according to their skills. The highest paid among the workers are the tailors who get about Rs. 3,000 per month. Women are employed as helpers. They are engaged in thread cutting, buttoning, ironing and packaging. They get the lowest wages.
Long Answer Type Questions
1. Who are involved in putting-out system? How is this system advantageous and disadvantageous for the weavers? [V. Imp.]
Answer: The persons involved in putting-out system are weavers and merchants.
This system is advantageous for the weavers in two ways:
(a) They do not have to spend their money on the purchase of yam.
(b) They are also free from the tension of selling the finished cloth.
This system is disadvantageous for the weavers in these ways:
(a) They have to depend on the merchants for raw materials as well as markets.
(b) Under this system the merchants become very powerful. They give orders for what is to be made and they pay a very low price for making the cloth.
(c) The weavers have no way of knowing who they are making the cloth for or at what price it will be sold.
2. How does market work move in favour of the rich and powerful? What are the ways to overcome them? (V. Imp.]
Answer: It is usually the rich and the powerful who earn the maximum profits in the market. These people have money and they own the factories, the large shops, large land holdings, etc. The poor have to depend on the rich and the powerful for various things. They have to depend for loans, for raw materials and marketing of their goods and most often for employment. This dependence makes the poor miserable. They are easily exploited in the market. They get low wages in spite of their hard labour and the rich earn huge profits at the cost of the workers. There are ways to overcome these such as forming cooperatives of producers and ensuring that laws are following strictly.
