Answer- Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh was established in 1925 in Nagpur.
Question 28. What do you know about the riots in Moplah in 1922? Answer – In 1922 AD, Muslims not only looted Hindu Jamadars in Moplah but they were robbed in large numbers due to this incident, communal riots broke out in many parts of India. Even put to death. The Muslims held the Hindu landlords responsible for their pitiable condition.
Question 29. When and where did Jinnah present his Fourteen Point Programme?
Answer – Jinnah presented his fourteen-point program in 1929 in Delhi.
Question 30. State any three sutras of Jinnah.
Answer - (i) The future constitution of India should be federal with the residual powers being vested in the provinces.
(ii) All the provinces should have equal autonomy.
(iii) There should be at least one representative of the Muslims in the Central Legislature.
Question 31. When were the elections to the provincial legislatures held for the first time? What is the position of Congress in this?
Answer- (i) For the first time elections to the provincial legislatures were held in 1937 AD.
(ii) In these, Congress came to power in 8 out of 11 provinces.
Question 32. Who was Dr. Mohammad Iqbal?
Answer – (i) Dr. Mohammad Iqbal was a famous Urdu poet.
(ii) He composed the famous song 'Saare Jahan Se Achcha Hindostan Hamara'.
Question 33. When, who and where was the word Pakistan used for the first time?
Answer- The word Pakistan was first used in 1933 by Chaudhry Rahmat Ali in London.
Question 34. When and where did the Muslim League pass the resolution of independent Makistan?
Answer- The Muslim League had passed the resolution of independent Pakistan on 23 March 1940 in Lahore.
Question 35. What did the Muslim League demand through the resolution of 1940? Answer- Through the resolution of 1940, which was passed in the Lahore session of the Muslim League, the demand for independent Pakistan was made.
Question 36. When was the Muslim League established? When did it pass the Pakistan resolution?
Answer- ( i) The Muslim League was established on 30 December 1906 AD.
(ii) It passed the resolution of Pakistan on 23 March 1940 AD.
Question 37. Who was known as Frontier Gandhi? Was he in favor of partition?
Answer- (1) Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, the leader of the North-West Frontier Province, was known as Frontier Gandhi.
(ii) He was not in favor of partition.
Question 38. When did the Muslim League decide to observe Direct Action Day? Where did the riots break out in India that day?
Answer- (1) The Muslim people decided to celebrate Direct Action Day on 16 August 1946 AD.
(ii) On that day riots broke out in Calcutta (Kolkata) in India.
Question 39. Who was Shahid Ahmed Dehlvi?
Answer- Shahid Ahmed Dehlvi was a Muslim from Delhi. He took shelter in the camp built in the old fort to save his life during the partition. He perceived Gandhi's arrival in Delhi on 9 September 1947 as "the rain showers after a long and harsh summer".
Question 40. Under whose chairmanship two boundary commissions were constituted for the partition of Punjab and Bengal?
Answer- Two Boundary Commissions were constituted under the chairmanship of Cyral Radcliffe for the partition of Punjab and Bengal .
Question 41. Why did some people feel that the partition was very sudden?
Answer – (i) Initially the leaders of the Muslim League themselves were not in favor of the demand for an independent Pakistan.
(ii) The events that took place between 1940 and 1947 made the partition of India inevitable.
Question 42. State any two major effects of the Partition of India in 1947. Answer – (i) Due to the partition of India, there were incidents of fierce looting, especially in Punjab and Bengal.
(ii) A large number of women were abducted during this time. He was severely insulted.
Question 43. Who was Urvashi Butalia?
Answer – Urvashi Butalia was a famous writer. He wrote the famous book The Other Side of Silence. In this he has described the painful accident of Thoa Khalsa village.
Question 44. In which two places the worst form of partition of India was seen?
Answer – The most dreadful form of the partition of India was seen in Punjab and Bengal.
Question 45. Who was Saadat Hasan Manto?
Answer- Saadat Hasan Manto was a great story writer of Urdu. He wrote the famous book called Siyah Hashiye. In this he has thrown a detailed light on the consequences of the partition of India.
Question 46. Write the names of any two films related to partition and their directors.
Answer- (i) The names of two films related to Partition are Hot Hawa and Tamas.
(ii) The names of their directors were M. S. Sathyu and Govind Nihalani respectively.
Question 47. Who was Habib Tanveer?
Answer- Habib Tanveer was a famous playwright. He composed the famous play Jis Lahore Nahi Dekhya, O Jamya-e-Nai. This play became very popular. This play was related to partition.
Question 48. How did the common people see Partition?
Answer- Common people did not consider partition as permanent. They thought that after the restoration of peace and law and order, they would return to their original place. They were not ready to accept that the people of both the countries would be completely separated forever.
Question 49. What was the argument of Mahatma Gandhi against partition?
Answer- Mahatma Gandhi strongly opposed the partition till the end. His statement was that the partition would be on his dead body. He thought that Hindus and Muslims would soon forget their mutual hatred and would share in each other's happiness and sorrow as before.
Question 50. What was the policy of 'divide and rule' of the British?
Answer- The British divided their rule in India and adopted the policy of rule. According to this policy, the British adopted their selfish interests in different communities and provinces. To strengthen the people, according to the religions, the policy of divide and rule was adopted.
Question 51. Why is the partition considered a historical turning point in the history of South Asia?
Answer : The partition of India is considered to be a historical turning point in the history of South Asia, and those who survived were forced to start life afresh. Because this division was very extensive and bloodshed.
Question 52. Who was Khushdev Singh?
Answer- Khushdev Singh was a Sikh doctor posted in Dharampur. He was a specialist in tuberculosis. He served Muslims, Sikhs and Hindus at the time of partition without any differences. He authored the famous book on Partition titled Love is Stronger Than Hate: A Remembrance of 1947.
Question 53. What was the traumatic incident in Thoa Khalsa village?
Answer- Thoa Khalsa village was located in the district of Rawalpindi (Pakistan). At the time of partition, 90 Sikh women of this village instead of being humiliated at the hands of the enemies gave their lives by jumping into the well. Every year on March 13, a gurudwara is organized in the memory of these brave women in Delhi.
Question 54. Who was Abdul Latif?
Answer- Abdul Latif was working in the library of History Department of Punjab University Lahore. He was a pious middle-aged gentleman. He helped the researcher a lot in 1992-93 AD. When the researcher asked him the reason for this, he said that "I am only paying the debt owed to my father.
Questions carrying answers of 3 marks.
Question 1. What were the main reasons for the rise of communalism in India?
Answer – (i) Establishment of Wahhabi Movement.
(ii) Divide and rule policy of the British.
(iii) Role of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan.
(iv) The ideology of the militant nationalists.
(v) Establishment of Muslim League.
Question 2. What is meant by the policy of 'divide and rule' of the British?
Answer – For the purpose of strengthening the British rule in India, the British encouraged the policy of divide and rule by inciting one copy to another province, one caste to another, Hindus against Muslims. . Undoubtedly this policy proved to be a big half in the path of birth of kings against India, Muslims against Hindus, educated Indians against uneducated Indians.
Question 3. Explain the movements against color division.
Answer- In 1905, the Swadeshi and Boycott movement was launched against the partition of Bengal. Swadeshi meant using the goods produced in the country so that the country could be improved. Boycott meant the refusal to use the goods produced by the British industries. Swadeshi and boycott were both related to each other, this movement lasted till 1971 when the British government canceled the partition of Bengal.
Question 4. What were the initial objectives of the Muslim League?
Answer- (i) To strengthen the feeling of loyalty to the British Government among the Indian Muslims and to remove the doubts about the steps taken by the Government. Explain the importance of Lucknow Pact of 1916.
(ii) To protect the political and other rights of Indian Muslims and to present their wishes and needs before the government.
(iii) To increase the feeling of friendship between Muslims and other sects of the country as far as possible without going against the above objectives.
Question 5. What was the Lucknow Pact?
Answer- The Lucknow Pact of 1916 has a special significance in modern history. This pact can bring more intensity to its movement against the Hindu-Muslim government. It was a great step towards unity established between Hindus and Muslims. The idea of the Congress was that by joining the Muslims with them, the British cause greatly increased the encouragement of the Indians. So he intensified his movement against the British government.
Question 6. What was the Pakistan Resolution?
Answer- On March 23, 1940, the Muslim League passed the resolution of an independent Pakistan in one of its sessions held in Lahore. The proposal to demand an independent Pakistan was based on the principle of two nations. This meant that Hindus and Muslims were two separate nations and it was impossible for them to live together. The gap widened. Apart from the Congress, there are few Muslim organizations to support the demand of the Muslim League for Pakistan.
Question 7. State any three major effects of the Partition of India in 1947.
Answer – (i) Due to the partition of India, there were incidents of fierce looting, especially in Punjab and Bengal.
(ii) A large number of women were abducted during this time. He was severely insulted.
(iii) A large number of people migrated from one country to another as refugees.
Question 8. Why was there anarchy during partition?
Answer- (i) During the partition, there were terrible incidents of looting in the western and eastern Punjab.
(ii) A large number of men, women and children were murdered.
(iii) The British officers were very confused. They did not understand how to deal with the situation. In fact, the administrative system had completely collapsed.
Question 9. What were the experiences of women during Partition?
Answer- (i) They were kidnapped in large numbers.
(ii) She was repeatedly raped.
(iii) They were bought and sold repeatedly.
(iv) They were forcibly married.
(v) He was forced to convert to religion.
Question 10. Write the salient features of oral history.
Answer- (i) It gives us detailed information about experiences and memories.
(ii) From this the historians get information about the horrific atrocities committed on the people during the partition.
(iii) From this we get information about the general public.
(iv) It shows the ongoing negotiations between the British Government and the major political parties regarding the future of India.
Question 11. Many historians do not consider oral history as an important source. Why ?
Answer- (i) According to his view, there is no accuracy in oral history.
(ii) The sequence of events in this is not correct.
(iii) It is difficult to arrive at any conclusion from personal experiences.
(iv) Small experiences cannot find the cause of the larger processes of history.
Question 12. What difficulties do historians face with respect to oral sources?
Answer- (1) These sources are not easily available.
(ii) The problem of memory is a major obstacle.
(iii) It is difficult to separate fact from myth.
(iv) Many do not agree to share their bitter experiences of Partition.
