Chapter - 7
Mass Media and Communications
️ Mass Media :-
Mass media i.e. means of public relations television, newspapers, films, radio advertisements, CDs etc. They affect a very large population, its impact on the society is far-reaching. It requires huge capital, organization and formal management. Mass media is a part of our daily life.
️ Beginning of modern mass media :-
The institution of the first modern mass media began with the development of the printing press. This technique was first developed by Johann Gutenberg in 1440. It developed with the Industrial Revolution. Newspapers started reaching the masses.
The people living in different parts of the country started feeling connected and 'we feeling' developed in them. This led to the development of nationalism and friendship began to arise among the people. Thus Anderson has considered the nation as an imaginary community.
️ Mass Media in Colonial Period :-
The development of Indian nationalism is closely linked with its struggle against colonialism. Anti-colonial public opinion was awakened and then given the right direction by the nationalist press, which openly opposed the coercive measures of the colonial government.
The colonial government started tightening the noose on the nationalist press. The radio was wholly owned by the government. National views could not be expressed on it.
To support the nationalist movement, 'Kesari' (Marathi) Mathrubhumi (Malayalam) 'Amritbazar Patrika (English) started to be printed.
️ Mass media in independent India :-
Our first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru gave the role of "watchdog of democracy" to the media. He instilled a sense of national development and self-reliance in the people, asked to remove social evils, inspired the industrial society to move towards rational and modernity.
️ Entertainment Revolution :-
The revolution that came in the field of entertainment due to the revolution in information technology is known as the entertainment revolution. Now people are connected to television, computer, internet etc and this process has changed their life.
️ Media Types :-
There are two types of media.
- electronic media
- Print media
️ Radio (Electronic Media) :-
In 1920, the Hambroadcasting Club from Calcutta and Chennai started in India. Initially there were only six stations. News broadcasts were broadcast by All India Radio and Manaranjan programs were broadcast by Vividh Bharati channel. Green revolution programs were broadcast in the 1960s. After this, services were started at the national, regional and local levels as per the need.
️ Radio Benefits for Rural People :-
Many radio programs are broadcast for the rural people in which they are told about the scientific methods of animal husbandry, irrigation system, new methods of agriculture and new methods of storage and distribution. They are advised to use this method to improve their agricultural production.
️ Television (Electronic Media) :-
It started in 1959 with the spirit of rural development. In 1975-76, a program of community education was started in rural areas with the help of satellite. Centers were set up in Delhi, Mumbai, Srinagar and Amritsar.
After this Kolkata, Chennai and Jalandhar centers were started. Commercial advertisements fueled the popularity by introducing a variety of programs. Soap operas like “Hum Log” and “Buniyaad” were aired.
️ SOAP OPERA :-
Serials that are on TV But it keeps on airing year after year until TV shows. Channels don't kill them.
Print Media: -
Initially social movement, then participation in nation building. Censorship system in 1975 and reinstatement in 1977. Its impact is significant on economic, political, social and cultural aspects. Example:- Newspaper magazine etc.
️ Names of 10 major newspapers published in India :-
- Punjab Kesari
- Dainik Bhaskar
- New India Times
- Hindustan Times
- Amar Ujala
- India
- The Tribune
- times of India
- Dainik Jagran
- Economic Times.
️ Globalization and Media :-
The rules of the government were followed till 1970. After this the market and technology etc. have changed the form. Due to globalization, there were changes in print media, radio, electronic media.
️ Printing Medium (Print Media) :-
New technologies promoted the production and dissemination of newspapers. A large number of glossy magazines have also come in the market.
There has been an astonishing increase in newspapers in Indian languages.
Reason :-
- Increase in literate people.
- The needs of readers in small towns and villages are different from that of urban readers and Indian newspapers cater to it.
️ Television :-
In 1991 India had only one state controlled TV channel Doordarshan.
Now the number of non-government channels has increased manifold.
In the 1980s, while Doordarshan was expanding rapidly, only the television industry was also growing rapidly in the big cities of India.
Many foreign channels like Sony, Star Plus, Star Network etc. became fully Hindi channels.
Most of the channels run seven days a week, and round the clock. Reality shows talk performances, laughter and jokes are taking place in large numbers.
Real performances like Kaun Banega Crorepati, Bigg Boss, Indian Idol are becoming popular day by day.
️ Radio :-
In 2000, All India Radio programs could be heard in two thirds of all households in India.
In 2002 the non-state owned F. The establishment of M radio stations led to an increase in entertainment programs on radio. They entertained the audience by attracting them.
FM Channels are not allowed to broadcast political news bulletins.
Broadcast hit songs like Radio Mirchi throughout the day to entice its listeners.
Radio has been used as an active medium of communication in two films “Rang De Basanti” and “Munna Bhai”.
F in India. M . The number of households listening to the channels fueled the worldwide trend of local radios taking over the scene of the networks.
Contribution of mass media in the field of education :-
Mass communication has a great contribution in the field of education. UGC always runs its programs on Delhi Doordarshan through which education is given to children and youth. In addition, educational programs for children are always being designed. UGC always arranges programs of higher education so that information can be given to the youth.
All these programs are being telecast on Doordarshan. Except Doordarshan, many other educational channels are running their own programs like Discovery Channel, National Geographic Channel, History Channel, Animal Planet Channel etc. History channel always broadcasts programs related to history of different parts of the world and these are very useful for kids. Newspapers and magazines are helpful in increasing the knowledge of children. In this way, the means of mass communication have a great contribution in the field of education.
