" Development "
Meaning of development :-
In a narrow form, it is often used in the context of increasing the rate of economic development and modernization of society.
Development in the broadest sense is the carrier of the ideas of progress, progress, welfare and the desire for a better life. Along with economic progress, it also includes an increase in the quality of life.
️ Parts of the world from the point of view of development :-
The world is divided into three categories from the point of view of development.
Developed countries
Developing countries
Last Developed Countries
️ Human Development Report :-
The 'Human Development Report' is a new way of measuring development by the United Nations Development Programme. In this, the status of countries is determined on the basis of various social indicators like literacy and educational level, age potential and maternal mortality rate.
️ Sustainable Development :-
Sustainable development requires the right coordination and coordination between the environmental system and the industrial system. Environment has been polluted by industrialization in the name of development. Economic form and policies should be determined for development.
Development programs should be done for human beings by preventing environmental pollution. In more effective and powerful countries, along with lifestyle, there should be evidence of protecting animals and humans from environmental pollution. Environment should be linked with development policies at the management level. In fact, environment and development policy complement each other. Only then is sustainable development possible.
️ The prevailing model of development :-
Underdeveloped or developing countries set the goal of rapid economic growth through industrialization, modernization and expansion of agriculture and education compared to the rich countries of Western Europe and America and this is possible only through state power.
Many developing countries (in which India was also one) initiated many ambitious plans with the help of developed countries.
To increase the wealth of the country and accelerate the process of economic development through many mega projects like setting up of steel plants in different parts, mining, fertilizer production and improvement of agricultural techniques.
This model makes maximum use of energy for development, due to which both society and environment have to pay its cost.
The ill effects of development on the society :-
Social consequences :-
Impact on sovereignty of developing countries
Displacement
Increase in unemployment, poverty
Lack of balanced distribution of population
Economic inequality
The birth of struggles and movements
️ Criticism of development model, price paid by society and environment :-
It proved to be very costly for developing countries. The financial cost in this was very high, due to which he was buried with long-term debt.
Due to the construction of dams, industrial activities and mining operations, a large number of people were displaced from their homes and areas.
Displacement destroyed traditional skills. Their culture was also destroyed because due to displacement, along with poverty, the community way of life of the people is lost.
Large areas of land get submerged due to big dams, which disturbs the balance of the ecology.
The increasing use of energy causes damage to the environment because it emits green hogs gases.
Due to the emission of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, the ice at the Arctic and Antarctic poles is melting. As a result, low land areas like Bangladesh and Maldives are capable of being submerged.
The benefits of development did not reach the lower classes in developing countries, due to which economic inequality in the society has increased further. The standard of living of the poorest and most deprived sections did not improve.
️ Alternative concept of development :-
Ensuring the participation of local decision-making bodies in development strategies based on democratic participation.
Promote participation of local people in the selection of development priorities, strategies and actual implementation of projects, and to harness their glory, while abandoning top-to-bottom strategy.
To give importance to the concept of just and sustainable development.
Efforts should be made to keep natural resources safe and protected.
We should change our lifestyle and use the least those resources which cannot be renewed.
Tries to move away from the costly, environmentally damaging and technology driven thinking of development.
️ Sustainable Development :-
Such a development strategy in which there is minimum damage to the environment and natural resources are used thrifty and they are preserved.
️ Human Development Index and India's Status :-
One way to measure human development is the 'Human Development Report', which is published annually by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). In this report, the status of countries is determined on the basis of various social indicators such as literacy and educational level, age, potential and maternal mortality rate.
