" Citizenship "
️ Citizenship :-
Citizenship means full and equal membership of a political community in which there is no discrimination. Nations have given their members a collective political identity as well as certain rights. That's why we call ourselves Indian, Japanese or German depending on the nation concerned.
In most democratic countries, citizens have the right to expression, the right to vote or belief, the right to a minimum wage or education.
The rights that citizens exercise today have been obtained after a long struggle such as the French Revolution of 1789, the long struggle for equal citizenship in South Africa, etc.
Note: - The provisions related to citizenship have been described in the third section of the Constitution and the laws passed by the Parliament thereafter.
️ Citizen :-
A person who is a full member of any state or country is called a citizen.
️ Foreign :-
A person who is a citizen of another state and has come to another country temporarily. Such a person is called a foreigner in that state or country.
️ Difference between citizen and foreign :-
Citizen :-
Residence: These are permanent.
Rights: They get all political rights.
Duties: It is mandatory for them to perform all the legal duties of the state.
Restrictions: They do not have any restriction on roaming and residence in the state.
Foreigner :-
Residence: These are temporary.
Rights: They get only social rights.
Duties: They are loyal only to their country of origin and are not bound to perform the legal duties of other countries.
Restrictions: They have to reside in a certain time frame, place.
️ Types of Citizenship :-
Congenital citizenship: - The citizenship in which a person is acquired on the basis of birth in the state is called congenital citizenship.
State granted citizenship:- When a person has been granted citizenship by the state due to some special circumstances, it is called state granted citizenship.
Single citizenship: - The citizenship that a country provides to its citizens, in which he is a resident of any state but he is called a citizen.
Dual citizenship: - When a person gets citizenship of any country and any province, then he is called dual citizenship e.g. America, France.
️ Ways to get citizenship :-
On the basis of marriage
On the basis of long residency
on adoption
On buying property
Government Service
Being a scholar
️ Methods of relinquishing citizenship :-
resignation letter
getting married
absence
job abroad
treason
️ Universal citizenship :-
We recognize that full membership of a country should be available to all those who are ordinarily residents of that country, working there or applying for citizenship but all set the conditions for granting citizenship. States use power to keep out unwanted citizenship, but there is still widespread migration of people.
️ World Citizenship :-
Today we live in a world that is interconnected, means of communication, television or the Internet has made a huge change in the way we understand the world. Emotions pouring in from all parts of the world to help the victims of Asia's tsunami or major disasters point to the rise of world society. This is called world citizenship. This is also the basis of the 'World Village' system.
️ Benefits from world citizenship :-
This will make it easier to solve problems on both sides of national problems that require the joint action of the governments and peoples of many countries. This can make it easier to find a universal solution to the problem of migrant or stateless people.
️ Whole and equal membership :-
It means that citizens have equal rights and opportunities to live, study, work wherever they want in the country and all rich and poor citizens have to get some basic rights and facilities.
️ Migrants :-
People move from one city to another and from country to country in search of work, then they are called migrants.
Poor migrants are not welcomed in their respective areas in the same way as skilled and wealthy migrants are.
The right to protest is an aspect of the freedom of expression guaranteed to the citizens in our constitution provided it does not cause damage to the life and property of other people or the state.
️ Stateized Citizenship :-
A citizen can express his national identity by symbols such as a national anthem, flag, national language or by organizing certain festivals. Democratic countries are as inclusive as possible which allows all citizens to identify themselves as part of the nation. For example, France, which includes not only people of European origin, but also citizens from other regions such as North Africa, is called state citizenship.
️ Methods of Stateized Citizenship :-
Registration
Indigenization
lineage
The union of a land area with the territory
️ Reasons for displacement :-
War, famine, persecution
Meaning of refugee :-
Due to displacement, people who can neither return home nor any country is ready to adopt them, then they are called stateless or refugees.
️ METHOD OF CORRECTION :-
Citizens are free to test and influence public opinion and government policies by forming groups, holding demonstrations, using the media, appealing to political parties or going to court.
️ Equal Rights :-
More number of people living in slums and illegally occupied land in cities. These people are of great use to us. Not even a day can be passed without them like sweepers, hawkers, domestic servants, taps, etc.
Government, voluntary organizations are also becoming aware of these people. In 2004, a national policy was formulated which empowered lakhs of street vendors to run independent businesses.
Similarly, there is another class which cannot be ignored is the tribal and forest dweller groups. These people depend on forests and other natural resources for their subsistence.
Equal rights for citizens means taking care of different needs and claims of different people while making policies.
️ Citizens and Nation :-
The Indian Constitution has tried to accommodate many diverse societies. It has tried to give full and equal citizenship to different communities like Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, women, some remote communities of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
