❇️️️ Globalization :-
🔹The fundamental element of globalization as a concept is ' flow' . There are many types of flows such as free flow of goods, capital, labor and ideas from one part of the world to another .
🔹Globalization is also called globalization and it is a multidimensional concept . It is neither a mere economic phenomenon nor merely a cultural or political phenomenon.
❇️️️ Due to globalization :-
🔹Advanced technology and worldwide interconnectedness due to which the world has become a global village today.
🔹Telegraph , telephone, microchip, Internet and other information technology means have revolutionized communication between different parts of the world.
🔹International cooperation to deal with global environmental problems such as tsunami, climate change, global warming .
❇️️ Features of Globalization :-
🔹Dynamic and free flow of capital, labour, goods and ideas.
🔹Capitalist system, openness and increase in world trade.
🔹Interdependence and interdependence between countries.
🔹Global cooperation and impact on various economic events such as recession and boom and epidemics such as anthrax, Ebola, HIV AIDS, swine flu.
❇️️ Examples of Globalization :-
🔹Availability of various foreign goods in India.
🔹To provide youth with various new career opportunities.
🔹To provide service to any Indian according to American calendar and time.
🔹Some farmers commit suicide due to crop failure.
🔹Many retail traders fear that due to the introduction of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in retail, big retail companies will come and their employment will be lost.
🔹Increase in economic inequality among the people.
Note:- These examples can be both positive and negative in nature.
❇️️ Positive effects of globalization :-
- Flow of goods and services.
- Generation of employment opportunities.
- Sharing technology and education.
- Lifestyle change.
- Connect with the people of the world.
- To provide financial strength and make self-reliant.
❇️️ Negative effects of globalization :-
- Decline of small-scale cottage industry.
- Amir gets richer and poorer and poorer.
- cultural decline.
- The dominance of foreign companies in economic activities.
- The hegemony of the capitalists
❇️️️ Types of Globalization :-
🔸 Political Effects of Globalization :-
🔹Globalization has reduced the capacity of the state. The state is now confined to a few main functions such as law and order and security.
🔹Now the market is the main determinant of economic and social priorities.
🔹The primacy of the state remains intact and it is not getting any special challenge from globalization.
🔹According to this aspect, due to globalization, with the help of state-of-the-art technology, states can collect information about their citizens and work effectively. So the state has become more powerful.
🔸 Economic Effects of Globalization :-
🔹Formulation of economic policies by international institutions like International Monetary Fund, World Bank and World Trade Organization. The dominance of rich, influential and developed countries in these institutions.
🔹Significant reduction in import restrictions.
🔹Capitalist countries benefit from the flow of capital, but lesser names for developing countries due to the lack of free flow of labor.
🔹Restrictions on movement of people by visa policy by developed countries.
🔹Due to globalization, the governments are turning their backs on their social concerns, for that there is a need for social security cover.
🔹Critics of globalization say that it is increasing economic inequality in societies.
🔸️ Cultural Effects of Globalization :-
- Promotion of Western cultures in the world through cultural homogeneity.
- Increase in the number of choices in food and drink and clothing.
- The dilemma on cultural changes among people.
- Bad effect on the originality of cultures.
- Cultural diversification in which each culture is becoming more and more distinct and distinct.
- Improvement in the status of women.
- liking rock music.
- End of conservatism.
- Loss of cultural heritage.
- Trend of foreign films.
❇️️️️ India and Globalization :-
🔹After independence, India adopted the policy of protectionism and emphasized on its domestic products so that India remains self-reliant.
🔹India prepared for globalization by the New Economic Policy implemented in 1991 and adopted a policy of openness .
🔹Today, due to globalization, the economic growth rate of India is increasing at the rate of 7.5% per annum. Which was 5.5% annually in 1990 . NRIs of India are promoting Indian culture abroad.
🔹The people of India have been successful in establishing their supremacy in computer software.
🔹Today Indian people have been successful in occupying high positions at the global level.
❇️️️️ Opposing Globalization :-
🔹Leftist thinkers criticize its various aspects. He is concerned about the weakening of the state in the political sense.
🔹In the economic field, they want to create an era of economic dependence and protectionism, at least in some areas.
🔹In the cultural context, they are concerned that the traditional culture will suffer and people will lose their age-old values and ways of life.
🔹The World Social Forum (WSF) is a worldwide forum of opposition to neo-liberal globalization, under which human rights activists, environmentalist workers, youth and women's activists come.
🔹In 1999, there was opposition to the WTO ministerial meeting in Seattle, which was due to the opposition of unfair trade practices by economically powerful countries.
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History – Themes
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Science – Contemporary World Politics |
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– Politics
in India since Independence |
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Geography – Indian
People and Economy |
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– Fundamental of Human Geography |
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Chapter 1: - Population: Distribution, Density, Growth
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Chapter 12: - Geographical Perspective on Selected
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